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Mesothelioma and Asbestos

Asbestos is a natural mineral that comes in thin, long fibres. People who are regularly exposed to asbestos risk developing lung diseases such as mesothelioma.

Symptoms of these diseases may not show up for decades after exposure to asbestos. Different types of asbestos may cause different symptoms.

Pleural Mesothelioma

Pleural mesothelioma occurs in the lung's outer lining also known as pleura. It is the most common mesothelioma type, accounting for up between 70 and 79% of all diagnosed cases. People with this condition feel chest pain and shortness of breath, and they may feel a sensation of heaviness in the chest.

This type of cancer is often caused by exposure to asbestos legal (Full Record), which is a grouping of minerals that are composed of microscopic fibers. When inhaled, these fibers, cause irritation and DNA mutations. The pleura surrounds the lungs and chest cavity and therefore, these irritations could affect both the lungs and the heart of a person. Mesothelioma symptoms typically don't show until 30 to 50 years after exposure.

Shortness of breath and chest pain are the most frequently reported symptoms. Some patients may also feel tightness in their chest, coughing or difficulty breathing. Patients with this cancer have a past that includes asbestos exposure at work. Manufacturing, construction and shipbuilding are among the most frequent occupations which put people at risk risk of developing pleural mesothelioma. Individuals who have served in the military are at a greater risk due the extensive use asbestos in Navy vessels and Army bunkers.

The most popular staging system for pleural mysothelioma has been the TNM (tumor, lymph nodes and metastases) staging system. The stage a patient is in when they are diagnosed will assist their doctor in determining the best treatment plan for them. For instance, patients suffering from a pleural mesothelioma in stage three or four have a less favorable prognosis than those with a lower stage. Mesothelioma in stage four is usually spread to the diaphragm, liver or even a person's heart. This makes it more difficult to treat and increases the risk of complications for the patient.

Peritoneal Mesothelioma

Unlike pleural cancer, which forms in the lining of the lung the peritoneal cancer is a result of a membrane that surrounds the abdominal cavity, including organs such as the intestines and the liver. Like pleural mesothelioma, exposure to asbestos is the reason for peritoneal msothelioma. The disease is less prevalent than pleural mesothelioma. There are just 300-500 cases being diagnosed each year.

As with pleural asbestosis, symptoms can take years to show. Patients typically have abdominal pain, and may have a mass in their abdomen. The symptoms of this kind of mesothelioma can also include nausea, weight loss and fever. A lot of these symptoms are similar to those experienced by digestive problems, which can result in misdiagnosis.

Doctors can identify mesothelioma by reviewing the medical history of the patient and performing a physical examination. Imaging tests like X-rays and CT scans can be used to detect mesothelioma. These tests can detect tumors and other cancer signs that aren't evident on X-rays.

The results of these tests allow doctors to diagnose mesothelioma and determine the stage of the disease and suggest treatment options. The stage is determined by the kind of cell and if the cancer has spread.

Asbestos exposure is the most important risk factor. People who have worked in asbestos law-related jobs, such as plumbing or electrical work, or in construction, manufacturing and manufacturing are more likely to contract the disease. Even if an individual is not employed in one of these areas, he or she can still be exposed through family members and other sources. Therefore, anyone who believes they could be at risk should talk to an expert. A mesothelioma specialist can help those who have had a previous history of asbestos to find out more about their risk.

Risk Factors

Asbestos exposure is the main mesothelioma risk factor, making up as much as 80 percent of all cases. Exposure to asbestos may occur as a result of military service, work, or living with those who worked with asbestos. When exposed to asbestos, the particles can be breathed into the lungs and abdomen. They can cause irritation to the linings of the abdomen and cause cancerous cells to form in the mesothelium. Mesothelioma can take anywhere between 15 and 60 years to develop following exposure to asbestos.

Other risk factors include genetics, smoking and age. The people in their 40s or 50s are more at risk of developing mesothelioma compared to those younger or older. Mesothelioma can take between 20 and 60 years to manifest cancer symptoms after the first exposure. It is also important to note that mesothelioma can develop in those who were exposed to asbestos but didn't work with it directly. This is called indirect or secondary exposure to asbestos settlement and it could be as hazardous as direct exposure.

Smoking can increase the likelihood of developing mesothelioma since it causes mesothelium damage and makes it more susceptible to asbestos. In addition, mesothelioma may be caused by certain illnesses, such as pneumonia and asbestosis. Men are more likely to develop mesothelioma than women. Men are more likely than women to have been exposed to asbestos for a longer period of time and to work with asbestos claim for longer periods of time. Also, men are more likely to live with someone who worked with asbestos and carry stray asbestos fibers home on their clothing. Women are less likely to come in contact with asbestos, and they are less likely to bring asbestos home on their clothes.

Diagnosis

Mesothelioma is a difficult cancer to recognize because the symptoms are often similar to other diseases. This could lead to patients being wrongly diagnosed.

NYU Langone doctors will perform physical examinations and document the patient's medical history including asbestos exposure. Doctors will also recommend a CT scan or chest X-ray to check for abnormalities, lumps and evidence of exposure to asbestos. These include plaques in the pleura, thickened pleura and calcium deposits.

Other diagnostic tests include a magnetic resonance image, or MRI test, which uses magnets and radio waves to create a series detailed images of the insides of the body. Another method doctors use to diagnose mesothelioma is through an operation called a biopsy. In a surgical biopsy doctors take a tiny piece of tissue from pleura or the peritoneum, to be examined further. A pathologist will then look at the tissue using a magnifying lens to determine whether it contains cancerous cells.

Mesothelioma is classified according to the mesothelial type involved, whether these cells are malignant or benign and the location, type, and stage of the tumor. Certain types of mesothelioma are more likely to grow or spread which is why it is crucial to establish a definitive diagnosis so that doctors can treat the disease before it gets out of control.

Doctors may also conduct tests in the lab on tumors to determine particular proteins, genes and other factors that can help them describe the characteristics of cancer and plan treatment. These results are called staging.

Treatment

A mesothelioma diagnose can be terrifying. However, it's important to remember that the cancer is treatable, especially in its earlier stages. Many patients with mesothelioma survive for years with the disease without it spreading to other organs of their body.

Exposure to asbestos can cause mesothelioma through a variety of mechanisms. Asbestos fibers that are too small to be felt or observed with the naked eyes are able to become airborne, causing irritation to the lung's lining (pleura). In time, the irritation causes the formation of scar tissue which can cause changes in the structure of cells which eventually lead to tumors.

The pleura is a protective covering that surrounds the abdomen, heart, and lungs. Mesothelium consists of cells that react to exposure to asbestos and cause it to enflame and develop scar tissue. These changes eventually lead to malignant mesothelioma tumours.

Shortness of breath, chest discomfort, or the accumulation of fluid on the lungs are all symptoms of the pleural Msothelioma. In rare cases the cancer may spread to the tissues surrounding the heart and reproductive organs.

A doctor will request a biopsy if imaging scans reveal a possible lung tumor or stomach. During the procedure, doctors take small amounts of the fluid or tumor for laboratory tests. The results can confirm the diagnosis of mesothelioma and determine the best treatment option.

There are a variety of treatment for mesothelioma, such as chemotherapy and surgery. Most doctors utilize a combination of these methods. Patients can also benefit by enrolling in a clinical trial of new mesothelioma treatments. To find out more, patients should speak to a mesothelioma specialist who has experience treating the condition.